Poliuretanmaterials [that is, high molecular polymers containing urethane groups and -NHCOO in the main chain of macromolecules] have developed rapidly since the industrial production was not released on the market in the 1950s. Compared with polymer rubber materials, it has its own unique characteristics. It can use different numbers of functional groups and different types of functional groups according to different performance requirements, and use different production processes to produce poliuretan products with different properties and properties.
Among rubber rubber types, there are poliuretan rubber varieties that can be cross-linked. There are also those that are not in the category of rubber, such as foam plastics, rigid plastic products, coatings, high resilience synthetic fibers, artificial leather, adhesives, and so on.
Poliuretanski materiali se trenutno pogosto uporabljajo na različnih področjih. Na primer, v vesoljski industriji so njeni trdi izdelki, mehki izdelki in izdelki iz pene lažji od kovinskih materialov [zelo pomembni za letala] ter imajo visoko odpornost in nevnetljivost. , Visoko trdna, ultra nizko temperaturna izolacija itd., Uporablja se za pokrove letal, hitrostne zavore, radomove, polnila letalskih rezervoarjev za gorivo, boje uparjalnikov za nadzor porabe goriva itd., Kot tudi različne podporne okvirje in sedežne blazine za notranjo dekoracijo . Uporablja se za ohranjanje toplote v transportni industriji.Poliuretanmateriali so neločljivi od materialov in sedežnih blazin, proizvodnje pohištva za dom in celo vrhunskih kondomov za odrasle ter pnevmatik. Nedavni razvoj in uporaba izdelkov v avtomobilski opremi za blaženje in blaženje sta pritegnila več pozornosti.
Although there are many types of poliuretan products, the classification of its products is nothing more than:
Flexible foam products, rigid products, and elastomers [thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanizable elastomers EU, AU]. The product molding equipment, such as mixing poliuretan rubber, is generally solid and can be vulcanized with sulfur, peroxide, and polyisocyanate. It can be designed according to the conventional rubber product production process and formula. If it is a thermoplastic elastomer, it can be injection or compression molding. If it is a plastic poliuretan, je mogoče izdelati z metodo litjapoliuretan foam products as an example, the composition of the formula, the main reactants of which are polyether, polyester, or other polyols; and polyisocyanates. Others include water [chain extender], crosslinking agent, catalyst, foam stabilizer, external blowing agent, flame retardant, mold release agent, coloring agent, etc. The production process is generally two-component liquid reaction molding. That is to say, one group is that the polyol polymer and the isocyanate are mixed and reacted first, and then the above reactants are mixed with another group including water, blowing agent, stabilizer, catalyst, and various auxiliary agents to produce organic carbamate. At the same time, the reactants such as urea group use the reaction to generate carbon dioxide, release a large amount of heat, vaporize the added blowing agent, and then use the catalyst to adjust the foaming speed, and finally complete the product with uniform foam structure. At present, the automobile manufacturing industry has continuously improved safety, comfort, and durability, and has high requirements for durability in high-strength working conditions of shock-absorbing and damping elastomer parts. A new type of shock absorber made of poliuretan flexible foam has appeared in foreign markets. Its physical and mechanical properties and damping effect are slightly better than rubber damping accessories. The product requires a density of 0.08g 丿cm3, a material compression of 5%, a compressive strength of more than 7Kpa, the product works normally at -20-40 "degrees", the product's compression set is not more than 10%, and it has oil resistance. Under pressure impact, no fracture occurs. The production process is not special. The key lies in its main reaction material. Currently, BASF is monopolizing the production and supply. BASF also learns from DuPont's market supply principle of perfluoroether rubber, which is to sell only finished products, not raw materials. , In order to achieve the reduction of market competitors.
Ta nova vrstapoliuretanprilagodljivi avtomobilski deli iz pene, ki absorbirajo udarce, prevzamejo napreden postopek "enosmernega" oblikovanja, to je vse sestavine surovin v formulaciji, kot so izocianat, poliol polimer, podaljšalec verige, katalizator, stabilizator pene in drugo. se meri po formuli, pri čemer je izocijanat kot ločena komponenta, različna pomožna sredstva, kot so poliol polimer, voda, pomožno sredstvo za razpihovanje, podaljšek verige, površinsko aktivna snov, katalizator itd., so predhodno pripravljeni v eno komponento, nato pa enkrat dodamo ga dajte v reakcijsko posodo in nato dodajte sredstvo za penjenje. Po hitrem mešanju in mešanju se izvede reakcija pene. Ta enostopenjski proizvodni proces je še posebej primeren za obdelavo pribora s kompleksnimi oblikami in majhnimi specifikacijami. Pri metodi oblikovanja se mešana tekočina neposredno vbrizga v kalup zapletene oblike, nato pa se za oblikovanje peni v votlini kalupa. Izdelki, izdelani po tej metodi. Specifikacije in mere so natančne in jih je mogoče uporabiti tudi kot kovinsko vložene izdelke glede na potrebe.
Poliuretanproducts are currently widely used and the market demand is also large. Although my country started late, it has developed rapidly. Its global market share has reached more than a quarter. It has become the world's largest manufacturing and consumer market for poliuretan products. However, there is still a gap between the key main reaction materials and the advanced foreign level, and the industry needs to work hard to innovate and develop.It is reported that retreading tires with poliuretan material as tread rubber has better wear resistance and environmental protection than natural rubber. This innovative research and development has opened up a new way for retreading. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the poliuretan industry will have more room for development.
